What is kanavel sign?
Kanavel’s sign is a clinical sign found in patients with infection of a flexor tendon sheath in the hand (flexor tenosynovitis), a serious condition which can cause rapid loss of function of the affected finger. The sign consists of four components: the affected finger is held in slight flexion.
How is flexor tenosynovitis diagnosed?
Infectious flexor tenosynovitis is an acute infection within the flexor tendon sheath. Diagnosis is suggested by Kanavel signs and confirmed with x-rays. Treatment is surgical drainage and antibiotics.
What is flexor tenosynovitis of finger?
Flexor tenosynovitis is the inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath that surrounds a tendon, i.e., the synovium. A flexor tendon, during chronic inflammation, may cause painful edema, and long-term degeneration resulting in knuckle pads or rarely flexor tendon ruptures [4,5].
Does flexor tenosynovitis trigger finger?
Trigger finger (also called stenosing flexor tenosynovitis) is caused by a disparity in the size of the flexor tendons and the surrounding retinacular pulley system at the first annular (A1) pulley (figure 1) which overlies the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint (figure 2).
What is pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis?
Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis (PFT)is a potentially devastating closed-space infection of the flexor tendon sheath of the hand that can result in considerable morbidity. Management of PFT, regardless of the pathogen, includes prompt administration of empirical intravenous antibiotics and often surgical treatment.
What is space of parona?
The space of Parona is a potential space in the distal forearm / volar wrist, deep to the flexor tendons. The space lies between the fascia of the pronator quadratus muscle and the flexor digitorum profundus tendon sheath.
What is a characteristic symptom of tenosynovitis?
Symptoms of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis include: Pain near the base of your thumb. Swelling near the base of your thumb. Difficulty moving your thumb and wrist when you’re doing something that involves grasping or pinching. A “sticking” or “stop-and-go” sensation in your thumb when moving it.
How do you diagnose tenosynovitis?
Your doctor will also perform a Finkelstein test, in which you bend your thumb across the palm of your hand and bend your fingers down over your thumb. Then you bend your wrist toward your little finger. If this causes pain on the thumb side of your wrist, you likely have de Quervain’s tenosynovitis.
How do you test for trigger finger?
There are no X-rays or lab tests to diagnose trigger finger. Your doctor will do a physical exam of your hand and fingers, and they’ll ask about your symptoms.
Why is flexor tenosynovitis an emergency?
Flexor tenosynovitis caused by infection is an orthopedic emergency. It can cause long-lasting disability through tendon necrosis and permanent digital contracture if unrecognized or mismanaged.
How is flexor tenosynovitis treated?
Treatment for rheumatoid inflammatory flexor tenosynovitis includes ice, NSAIDs, rest, splinting, hydroxychloroquine, gold, penicillamine, and methotrexate. Persistent cases may require oral steroid treatment.
What are the cardinal signs of flexor tenosynovitis (Kanavel’s signs)?
There are 4 cardinal signs of flexor tenosynovitis (Kanavel’s Signs) Tenderness along the whole tendon sheath (late sign) Finger held in flexion. Fusiform swelling (sausage finger) Pain with passive extension *this is the earliest finding.
What is Kanavel sign of flexor sheath infection (pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis)?
Kanavel sign of flexor sheath infection (pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis) is a finger held in slight flexed position, fusiform swelling of the affected digit, tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and pain with passive extension of the digit.
What are the signs and symptoms of Kanavel’s disease?
Kanavel’s Signs Pain with passive extension (often the first sign seen) Percussion tenderness (tenderness over entire length of flexor tendon sheath) Uniform swelling (symmetric finger swelling along length of the tendon sheath)
Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis is an infection of the flexor tendon sheath in which clinical diagnosis is made using the four cardinal Kanavel’s signs. Despite appropriate antibiotics and surgical treatment, pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis can be devastating.