What are the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis?
Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis
| Extra-Pulmonary Location | Differential Diagnosis |
|---|---|
| Tuberculous Arthrits | Bacterial septic arthritis, pseudogout |
| Central Nervous System Tuberculosis | Bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, encephalitis |
| Tuberculosis Peritonitis | Bacterial peritonitis, chronic peritoneal dialysis |
How does TB cause lymphadenopathy?
Infectious Diseases Tonsillar and submandibular nodes are common sites of TB lymphadenitis, because lymphatic extension occurs from the paratracheal nodes. Supraclavicular nodes are affected as the result of drainage from apical pulmonary lesions. The posterior cervical chain is another common area.
What is miliary tuberculosis and what is its pathophysiology?
Miliary TB is a potentially fatal form of TB that results from massive lymphohematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. The epidemiology of miliary TB has been altered by the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs.
What is TB lymphadenopathy?
Tuberculous lymphadenitis is a chronic, specific granulomatous inflammation of the lymph node with caseation necrosis, caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or related bacteria. The characteristic morphological element is the tuberculous granuloma (caseating tubercule).
What are clinical features of miliary tuberculosis?
Symptoms of Miliary TB Symptoms of miliary tuberculosis can be vague and difficult to identify. They include weight loss, fever, chills, weakness, general discomfort, and difficulty breathing. Infection of the bone marrow may cause severe anemia and other blood abnormalities, suggesting leukemia.
How is miliary TB transmitted?
Causes of miliary TB It’s contagious and is transmitted when someone with an active TB infection in their lung releases the bacteria into the air by coughing or sneezing, and someone else inhales it. It can stay airborne for a few hours.
Why it is called miliary TB?
(Disseminated Tuberculosis) Tuberculosis usually affects the lungs in one or a few locations. Miliary tuberculosis is so named because the innumerable tiny spots that form in the lungs are the size of millet, the small round seeds in bird food.
Is miliary TB extrapulmonary and pulmonary?
Tuberculosis may be classified according to site of disease as pulmonary or extrapulmonary; miliary disease has been classified as both an extrapulmonary and a pulmonary form of TB.