What is cell death is called?
Apoptosis is also called programmed cell death (PCD), which is the fastest form of cell death. Proteolytic cascade induced by caspases is the key biochemical characteristic of apoptosis.
What is intrinsic apoptosis?
The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by, for example, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. It is activated by a range of exogenous and endogenous stimuli, such as DNA damage, ischemia, and oxidative stress. Moreover, it plays an important function in development and in the elimination of damaged cells.
What are the three types of cell death?
In general, there are three types of cell death, defined in large part by the appearance of the dying cell: apoptosis (also known as type I cell death), autophagic cell death (type II), and necrosis (type III) (Galluzzi et al. 2007).
What is necrosis and apoptosis?
Necrosis is known to be a kind of cell death where the cell dies in an untimely way due to some uncontrolled external factors. Apoptosis is known as a predefined suicide cell where the cell destroys itself maintaining a smooth functioning of the body.
What is extrinsic apoptosis?
The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis begins outside a cell, when conditions in the extracellular environment determine that a cell must die. The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis pathway begins when an injury occurs within the cell and the resulting stress activates the apoptotic pathway.
What is apoptosis and necrosis?
1. Apoptosis is a regular process of death of the cell that occurs in the body where cell itself takes part in the death. Necrosis is a cellular process of death occurring when the cells are highly exposed to extreme external conditions.
What is called dead cell in biology?
Necrosis is cell death where a cell has been badly damaged through external forces such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. In necrosis, a cell undergoes swelling, followed by uncontrolled rupture of the cell membrane with cell contents being expelled.
What is necrosis in plants?
necrosis, death of a circumscribed area of plant or animal tissue as a result of disease or injury. Necrosis is a form of premature tissue death, as opposed to the spontaneous natural death or wearing out of tissue, which is known as necrobiosis.
How do necrosis and apoptosis differ?
Whereas apoptosis is a form of cell death that is generally triggered by normal, healthy processes in the body, necrosis is cell death that is triggered by external factors or disease, such as trauma or infection.
What is autophagy and apoptosis?
Apoptosis and autophagy are important molecular processes that maintain organismal and cellular homeostasis, respectively. While apoptosis fulfills its role through dismantling damaged or unwanted cells, autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis through recycling selective intracellular organelles and molecules.
What is the main function of chloroplast?
A chloroplast is an organelle, found in the plant cell. The main function of a chloroplast is to aid with photosynthesis by absorbing light energy. Another function of chloroplast organelles is protecting the plant from unwelcome pathogens that can cause disease.
What is the shape of a chloroplast?
Chloroplast Structure. Chloroplasts are found in all higher plants. They are oval or biconvex shaped, cell organelles found within the mesophyll of the plant cell. The size of the chloroplasts organelle usually varies between 4-6 µm in diameter and 1-3 µm in thickness.
Where are chloroplasts found in a plant?
Chloroplasts are found in all green plants and algae. They are the food producers of plants. These are found in the guard cells located in the leaves of the plants. They contain a high concentration of chlorophyll that traps sunlight.
What is the difference between leucoplasts and chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts- They are green coloured plastids, which comprise green-coloured pigments within the plant cell and are called the chlorophyll. Leucoplasts- They are colourless plastids and are mainly used for the storage of starch, lipids and proteins within the plant cell.