Is used to produce enzyme lipases through fermentation?
Solid state fermentation (SSF) is an economical alternative for large scale production of enzymes that are produced by fungi. Therefore, production of lipases by solid state fermentation is a good and preferred option than submerged fermentation (SmF).
What is submerged fermentation process?
Submerged fermentation (SmF) is the process in which growth and decomposition (anaerobic and/or partially anaerobic) of substrates (i.e., carbohydrates) is accomplished by microorganisms in the presence of plenty of free water (liquid medium) (Mussatto and Teixeira, 2010).
How is lipase enzyme produced?
Hepatic lipase, which is produced by the liver and regulates the level of fats (lipids) in the blood. Pancreatic lipase, which is produced by the pancreas and released into the beginning of the small intestine (duodenum) to continue the digestion of fats.
What is difference between submerged and solid-state fermentation?
The key difference between solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation is that solid-state fermentation involves the cultivation of microorganisms on a solid substrate with a low moisture content while submerged fermentation involves the cultivation of microorganisms in a liquid medium which has more than 95% …
How is cellulase produced?
Cellulases are the enzymes that hydrolyze β -1,4 link- ages in cellulose chains. They are produced by fungi, bacteria, protozoans, plants, and animals. The catalytic modules of cellulases have been classified into numer- ous families based on their amino acid sequences and crystal structures ( Henrissat, 1991 ).
What is the microbial source of lipase?
Among microorganisms, lipase is most abundant in bacteria, fungi, and yeast. The most common bacterial sources for lipases include Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus sp., and Burkholderia sp.
What is submerged fermentation used for?
Submerged liquid fermentations are traditionally used for the production of microbially derived enzymes. In the submerged process, the substrate used for fermentation is always in liquid state which contains the nutrients needed for growth.
What is submerged culture technique?
[səb′mərjd ′kəl·chər] (microbiology) A method for growing pure cultures of aerobic bacteria in which microorganisms are incubated in a liquid medium subjected to continuous, vigorous agitation.
What is the product of lipase?
Lipases hydrolyze triglycerides (fats) into their component fatty acid and glycerol molecules.
How do you increase lipase production?
Engage in aerobic exercise for 45 to 90 minutes, two to three days a week. Aerobic exercise changes the concentration of ATP, the hormones epinephrine and glucagon, and other molecules in your muscle cells, stimulating and increasing the activation of the fat-burning enzyme, hormone-sensitive lipase.
Why is submerged fermentation better than solid state fermentation?
l-Asparaginase can be produced either by solid-state fermentation (SSF) or by submerged fermentation (SmF). SSF is preferred over SmF as it is cost effective, eco-friendly and it delivers high yield of enzyme. SSF process utilizes agricultural and industrial wastes as solid substrate.
What is cellulase made of?
Cellulase is catalyzing hydrolysis of cellulose. However, cellulase is not a single enzyme. It is a group of enzymes which is mainly composed of endoglucanase and exoglucanases including cellobiohydrolases and β-glucosidase.
How to improve the enzyme activity of crude lipase during fermentation?
The enzyme activity of the culture was improved by using different concentration of inoculum, substrate, nitrogen source, inducer, and Ca 2+ ion at 30°C for 84h fermentation. Lipolytic activity of crude lipase was determined using titrimetric method with hydrolysis reaction.
What is the optimum temperature and pH for the production of lipases?
On the other hand, lipases produced through solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus niger (O-4) had optimum temperature and pH around 35°C and pH 6.0 and stability at room temperature (63.6% and 26.8% of residual activity after 1 h of exposure to 50 and 60°C, resp.), lower than that observed with enzymes obtained through submerged fermentation.
How do you extract lipase from fermented Bran?
The extraction of lipase from the fermented bran obtained in solid-state fermentation by the fungi Aspergillus niger was carried out by adding 10 mL buffer with pH established in each methodology at 1 g of fermented medium, followed by agitation of 160 min −1 for 30 min at 37°C.
What is the stability of lipases produced by Aspergillus flavus?
pH stability of lipases produced (●) by Aspergillus flavus (strain O-8) through submerged fermentation and (■) by Aspergillus niger (strain O-4) through solid-state fermentation. Lipase produced through solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger had greater stability at pH greater than 7.0, with residual activity greater than 60%.