How does topamax affect dopamine?
Topiramate is one tool that can be used to fight substance use disorders. In addition to quelling seizures and preventing migraines, the medication reduces dopamine levels. Without as much dopamine in the system, cravings are diminished because the pleasurable reward feelings are gone or substantially reduced.
How does cocaine affect gene expression?
The enduring nature of drug addiction suggests that repeated exposure to abused drugs leads to stable alterations that likely involve changes in gene expression in the brain. The dopamine D1 receptor has been shown to mediate the long-term behavioral effects of cocaine.
Does Topamax improve mood?
The study found that the participants taking Topamax in addition to their prescribed depression medication significantly improved depressed mood, suicidality, insomnia, agitation, and anxiety symptoms compared to those taking a placebo.
Does Topamax help with energy?
Topiramate treatment reduced energy intake, be it in the context of an ad libitum buffet-type meal or under free living conditions. The 24-h daily energy expenditure (DEE) assessed by whole-body indirect calorimetry adjusted for body weight and age was not altered by TPM treatment.
How does cocaine affect epigenetics?
Cocaine induces epigenetic changes that lead to neuronal morphology and behavioral changes. Most changes have to do with the disruption of heterochromatin caused by reduced levels of methylation on histones, namely H3K9.
How does temperature influence gene expression?
Generally, increasing temperature caused acceleration in development and the higher the temperature, the earlier the expression response of any specific targeted gene. In more detail, larval yolk utilization and growth rates increased, while yolk utilization efficiency decreased with increasing temperature.
Does Topamax work right away?
How long does Topamax take to work. You’ll likely not notice Topamax working right away when you first start using it. It may take 1 month for your migraine attacks to become less frequent and 2 to 3 months for Topamax to become fully effective. Keep your doctor updated on your symptoms while taking Topamax.
How does temperature affects the induction of a genetic system?
Traditional temperature-sensitive systems use either heat shock (40-42 °C) or cold shock (15-23 °C) to induce gene expression at temperatures that are not the optimal temperature for host cell growth (37 °C). This impacts the overall productivity and yield by disturbing cell growth and cellular metabolism.
How does temperature affect the phenotype of an organism?
Temperature directly influences metabolic and developmental rate of embryos and can have permanent effects on phenotype that last beyond the embryonic period. For instance, incubation temperature programs post-hatching hormone production and growth physiology, which can profoundly influence fitness.