How do you find the characteristic impedance of a transmission line?
Characteristic impedance (ρ0c) It is equal to the product of the density of the medium times the speed of sound in the medium (ρ0c). It is analogous to the characteristic impedance of an infinitely long, dissipationless electric transmission line. The unit is N·s/m3 or rayls.
How do you find the S-parameter of a transmission line?
An S parameter is a voltage ratio, so when it is expressed in decibels Sij|dB=20log(Sij). A reciprocal network has S12=S21. If unit power flows into a two-port (with ports terminated in the reference impedance), a fraction, |S11|2, is reflected and a further fraction, |S21|2, is transmitted through the network.
What is the impedance of a transmission line?
The characteristic impedance or surge impedance (usually written Z0) of a uniform transmission line is the ratio of the amplitudes of voltage and current of a single wave propagating along the line; that is, a wave travelling in one direction in the absence of reflections in the other direction.
What is S11 S12 S21 S22?
S11 is the input port voltage reflection coefficient. S12 is the reverse voltage gain. S21 is the forward voltage gain. S22 is the output port voltage reflection coefficient.
What are the characteristics of transmission line?
A transmission line is a pair of parallel conductors exhibiting certain characteristics due to distributed capacitance and inductance along its length. When a voltage is suddenly applied to one end of a transmission line, both a voltage “wave” and a current “wave” propagate along the line at nearly light speed.
What is S in transmission line?
They are used to describe behavior of linear microwave networks. □ S-parameters are members of a family of similar parameters: Y-parameters (admittance), Z-parameters (impedance), T-parameters (transmission), and ABCD-parameters (cascade or transmission line).
What is S12 called?
S22 is equivalent to the output complex reflection coefficient or output impedance of the DUT, and S12 is the reverse complex transmission coefficient.
Why return loss should be less than 10 dB?
You want all of your energy going out the antenna, and not bouncing back from bad matches. So having 10% or less bouncing back is a good starting point. 0 dB return loss means there is no loss in the bounce back, the return = what was sent. This is what you would get with an open circuit or a short circuit.
What is the characteristic impedance of a transmission line?
The characteristic impedance (Z 0) of a transmission line is the resistance it would exhibit if it were infinite in length. This is entirely different from leakage resistance of the dielectric separating the two conductors, and the metallic resistance of the wires themselves.
What is the characteristic impedance of a parallel wire?
The impedance (resistance) of this line in ohms is called the characteristic impedance, and it is fixed by the geometry of the two conductors. For a parallel-wire line with air insulation, the characteristic impedance may be calculated as such:
What is the characteristic impedance of a load?
The characteristic impedance is sometimes called “surge impedance” and is related to the term “surge impedance loading.” This term is often used by power system engineers to quantify power transferred across a transmission line and seen at a load.
What are ABCD parameters for transmission lines?
ABCD parameters for a transmission line. Note that the ABCD matrix, which is invertible, is defined “backwards” in that it relates the input voltage/current (i.e., looking towards the load) to the output voltage/current.